Pathways of risk did not vary across European American and African American adolescents, suggesting the important role of fathers’ ADS and its spillover and crossover effects between ADS and parenting behaviors across ethnic groups. This is consistent with some prior studies showing no ethnic differences in the associations between parental problem drinking, parenting, and adolescent outcomes (e.g., Shorey et al., 2013), but contradicts other studies that found the associations between parenting behaviors and adolescent outcomes to vary across ethnicity (e.g., Clark et al., 2015). Overall, the path coefficients linking parental ADS and parenting behaviors to adolescent risky drinking and conduct problems also did not vary across adolescent gender. These findings are consistent with some prior studies that found no difference in the associations between fathers’ and mothers’ alcohol dependence or problem drinking and adolescent psychopathology for sons and daughters (Lieb et al., 2002; Ohannessian et al., 2005), but contradict others that suggested stronger influence of fathers’ alcoholism on alcohol abuse for daughters than for sons (Morgan et al., 2010), or stronger associations between same-sex parent-adolescent dyads (Ohannessian et al., 2012).
