Only a few studies have carefully assessed the role of the menstrual cycle on the behavioral response to alcohol in women under controlled laboratory conditions in which menstrual cycle was confirmed with hormone levels. One study reported a greater reduction in saccadic eye movement in the late luteal phase compared to the midfollicular phase in 12 women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, but not in 12 control women, following an intravenous infusion of alcohol (Nyberg et al., 2004). However, in that study, ratings of intoxication did not vary as a function of menstrual cycle phase in either group. Mumenthaler et al. (2001) found no differences in flight simulator performance or alcohol pharmacokinetics between the early follicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle following alcohol administration (0.67 g/kg) among 24 female pilots. Lastly, Holdstock and de Wit (2000) tested 16 women at four distinct phases of the menstrual cycle (early follicular, late follicular, midluteal, late luteal) using a cumulative dosing alcohol procedure and the subjective effects, performance effects and alcohol choice did not vary across the menstrual cycle. At this time,
