Globally, 59·9% (58·4–61·3) of deaths and 45·2% (43·2–47·3) of DALYs could be attributed to the risk factors assessed in GBD 2016. For deaths, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) show the largest proportion attributable to measured risk factors, at 64·4% (62·6–66·2), with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes at 57·9% (55·4–61·0), and injuries at 25·8% (23·7–27·8). The picture was different for DALYs, however, where we observed that 58·2% (56·4–60·3) of DALYs in CMNN causes are attributable to risk factors, compared with 43·5% (40·7–46·7) in NCDs and 21·0% (19·3–22·7) for injuries. Leading causes of DALYs in CMNN causes, such as diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections (LRI), also showed more than 80% of DALYs can be attributed to risk factors (appendix 2 p 1).
