iPSCs downregulated astroglial activation in the injured site and was able to conclude that the observed motor neuron survival and regeneration came as a result of neurotrophic and cytokine modulatory mechanisms (Pajer et al., 2015). Furthermore, a study performed on mice suggested that the neurons derived from the transplanted cells functioned as interneurons in the mouse spinal cord which in turn contributed to the reconstruction of neural circuits (Nakamura and Okano, 2013). Moreover, neural precursors derived from a clone of hiPSCs (IMR90) were used to treat a rat spinal cord lesion 1 week after induction. These hiPSC-neural precursors robustly survived in the lesion, migrated, and partially filled the lesion cavity during the entire period of observation. Transplanted animals displayed significant motor improvement already from the second week after the transplantation (Romanyuk et al., 2015).
