Alcohol problems typically develop in late adolescence and early adulthood, though they can manifest at any time during adult life. Early age at first drink has been shown in many analyses to be a powerful predictor of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) (see review in [1] Deutsch et al., 2013). Family history of alcohol dependence is known to increase risk by at least two fold [2](Nurnberger et al., 2004). Males are more likely than females to develop alcohol use disorders ([3] Hasin et al., 2007; [4] Delker et al., 2016; [5] Vasilenko et al., 2017), and this is true within families of alcohol-dependent probands as well as the general population ([2] Nurnberger et al., 2004). Recent data have shown that, in the US, African- Americans (AA) are less likely to develop an AUD than European- Americans (EA) ([6] Kessler et al., 1994; [7] Smith et al., 2006; [8] Huang et al., 2006; [9] Grant et al., 2015) though analysis over different age groups suggests that a different developmental course may characterize AUDs in African-Americans, with relatively later onset of disorders
