There were no group differences on age [F (3, 343) = 1.94, p = .122], handedness [χ2 (df = 3) = 2.38, p = .497] and ethnicity [χ2 (df = 6) = 9.80, p = .133]. However, groups differed significantly on sex [χ2 (df = 3) = 15.69, p = .001], race [χ2 (df = 18) = 31.53, p = .025], and FSIQ [F (3, 341) = 66.07, p < .001]. Pairwise comparisons indicated that the ADHD group had significantly more males than the CON (p = .001), AE− (p < .001), and the AE+ groups (p = .014), which did not differ significantly from each other (p > .112). As expected, the ADHD group had significantly more male subjects compared to the other groups, which is representative of the ADHD clinical population as there is an expected ratio of 1:3 males in non-exposed children with ADHD (Cantwell, 1996; Graetz, Sawyer, Hazell, Arney, & Baghurst, 2001; Merikangas et al., 2010). The AE− group had significantly fewer White subjects compared to the CON (p < .001), ADHD (p = .047), and
