confirmed as neurons by the presence of voltage-gated sodium and potassium currents upon depolarizing voltage steps, ability of cells to fire an action potential upon depolarizing current injections, and noted for their resting membrane potential by injection with 0 current, which was corrected post hoc for liquid junction potential. Inward and outward currents were elicited in voltage clamp mode by applying 300-ms steps from −100 mV to +40 mV in 10 mV increments with the membrane potential held at −70 mV. Action potentials were evoked in current clamp mode at ~−70 mV by applying 500-ms duration current steps from −20 pA to +40 pA in 5 pA intervals. Only cells that could fire a mature action potential (either a single spike or a train of action potentials) were analyzed.
