where Y¯c=1Nc∑i∈casesYi,Y¯=1N∑i=1NYi,1N=(1,⋯,1)T, and 1c is a vector of length N with ith entry 1 if individual i is a case and 0 if i is a control. The statistic Wχcorr2 follows a χ2 distribution with 1 degree of freedom asymptotically under the null hypothesis [Thornton and McPeek, 2007]. When all kinship and inbreeding coefficients are zero, the test statistic in (5) is the χ2 test statistic,
