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Chunk #4 — Method — Measures — Substance use

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Temperament and externalizing behavior as mediators of genetic risk on adolescent substance use.
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Problematic alcohol use at ages 15 to 17 was assessed with an item reflecting the number of maximum alcoholic beverages consumed in 24 hours in the past year using the Drinking and Drug History form (Zucker, Fitzgerald, & Noll, 1990). Given our high-risk sample, problematic drinking rates were higher for this developmental period compared to community samples: 51.9% reported not drinking in the past year, 7.3% reported drinking 1-2 drinks at the most in one 24-hour period, 5.9% reported drinking 3-4 maximum drinks, and 34.9% reported drinking 5 or more drinks during a 24-hour period in the past year. Monitoring the Future estimates that approximately 24% of 10th graders and 37% of 12th graders report drinking an alcoholic beverage in the 30-day period prior to the survey, and approximately less than 20% of 10th graders reported having 5 or more drinks in a row at least once in the past two weeks (Johnston, O’Malley, Miech, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2015). We also examined frequency of past year cigarette use and frequency of past year marijuana use (i.e., number of occasions) to