Data are reported as the mean ± S.E.M. The statistics software program GraphPad Prizm (Jandel Scientific, Costa Madre, CA) was used throughout. To evaluate differences between groups, analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA for repeated measurement) with post-hoc Bonfferoni corrections and Student’s t-tests were carried out. To evaluate changes in preference for ethanol in dependence on time, analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA for repeated measurement) was carried out.