process, with information on different data items being collected in a different population each year (10, 11). Since 2003, the HSE has incorporated weighting to account for nonresponse bias (12). This includes different weights for nonresponding households, nonresponding individuals in responding households, and nonresponse at different stages of data collection. For a detailed description of the data collection methods used in UK Biobank and national surveys, see Web Table 1.
