Prediction of ASPD in a population-based sample using a measure of general aggression in pre- and early adolescence is an important addition to the literature. Our study provided 8–10 years of longitudinal follow-up from the time of the aggression ratings to the time of ASPD assessment. Furthermore, age ranges for the data collection at ages 12 and 14 were narrow, providing aggression measures that were as developmentally specific as possible. To our knowledge, only two other studies have investigated ASPD prediction using a population-based sample. Caspi, Moffitt, Newman, and Silva [17] utilized examiner observations of behavior among a birth cohort of 3-year-old children and found that under-controlled (impulsive, restless, or distractable) children were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for ASPD at age 21. Copeland, Shanahan, Costello, and Angold [18] demonstrated the ability of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders (e.g., conduct disorder) to predict adult psychiatric disorders (e.g., ASPD). These studies each had their specific research questions regarding ASPD, as does ours. In aiming to examine how much the behavior of aggression was capable of predicting ASPD, we did not
