to neuronal cells and tissue is the occurrence of artifacts in recording channels, due to the fact that stimulation pulses are typically three to four orders of magnitude larger than the recorded signals. This coupling between stimulation and recording is difficult to prevent, and artifacts are picked up both within the wiring of the array and circuits, but also through the medium of the cell culture or tissue. However, as long as the coupling is purely capacitive, artifacts usually only prevent recording during the stimulation period itself. If the amplitude of an artifact is large, which can occur when a recording electrode is near the stimulation electrode, the artifact may saturate the amplification circuits of the recording electrode. This saturation will prevent recording for an extended period of time after the stimulation ended. Figure 4C shows an example of such a saturated signal from an electrode located 18 μm (center-center) away from the stimulation electrode and a signal without saturation from an electrode located about a 1 mm away. Figure 4D shows the relationship between the distance from stimulation to recording electrode and the duration of saturation for a 11,011-electrode MEA (Frey et al., 2010), without employing any artifact suppression
