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Chunk #20 — 3. RESULTS — 3.4 Correlations with child physical traits and cognitive/behavioral outcomes

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Maternal alcohol consumption producing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): quantity, frequency, and timing of drinking.
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Table 3 presents bivariate correlations of maternal drinking measures with four child physical traits characteristic of children with an FASD and total dysmorphology score of anomalies common to FASD. Most quantity/frequency drinking measures (30 of 40) are significantly associated with child physical indicators of FASD at the alpha level of <.05. Similarly, 16 of 30 measures of timing are significantly associated at alpha <.05. With Bonferroni adjustment of alpha level, many correlations of particular drinking measures remain statistically significant, indicating a more robust association: total dysmorphology score, vermillion score, and palpebral fissure length are significant in 6 of 8 correlations; head circumference in 5 of 8 correlations; and philtrum with 2 of 8. Women who report more drinking during pregnancy than their current drinking, and those reporting bingeing correlate significantly with most FASD physical features. Drinks per week 3 months prior to pregnancy and mean drinks per week, DDD, and bingeing 5 or more drinks during pregnancy all correlate significantly with 4 of 5 physical measures. Head circumference, palpebral fissure length, vermillion score, and total dysmorphology score are all linked