(Schmittgen and Livak, 2008). Reference gene beta actin (ACTB) for putamen (expression stability value M = 0.35) and caudate (expression stability value M = 0.42) was selected for normalization according to previously developed approach for analysis of reference genes (Johansson et al., 2007; Kuzmin et al., 2009; Bazov et al., 2011). As the expression of reference gene may vary between different brain regions of human alcoholics, it is of great importance to use validated stable reference gene for normalization.