Wave 2 lifetime diagnoses of DSM-IV alcohol and drug abuse and dependence and nicotine dependence were included in the analyses. Nicotine dependence was assessed for any tobacco product. DSM-IV drug-specific abuse and dependence diagnoses are aggregated into any drug abuse and any drug dependence diagnoses for analysis. Reliability and validity of substance use disorders were good to excellent as reported elsewhere (Grant et al., 1995; Hasin et al., 1997).
