Recent studies have demonstrated in European individuals that T2D PRS can provide predictive power for incident T2D above and beyond established risk factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity levels, and history of high glucose and hypertension and can identify high-risk individuals and stratify lifetime risk trajectories of T2D patients [42, 43], suggesting potential for clinical translation. However, most existing T2D scores were developed and validated in individuals of European descent. As the interest in the clinical implementation of PRS for common diseases like T2D continues to grow, a major challenge is the uncertainty about how best to combine multi-ethnic GWAS and estimate polygenic risk in diverse populations.
