There has been a recent emergence of direct-to-consumer (DTC) personal genomics testing for many multifactorial disorders, including addiction, despite limited information about the clinical validity and utility of genetic variants associated with these disorders (Mathews, Hall, and Carter, 2012). Public interest in genetic testing may be due in part to a misunderstanding of how predictive genetics can be for complex disorders (Lawrence and Appelbaum, 2011). Genetic counseling for AD is designed to help individuals understand, manage and cope with risk so that they have less anxiety and a greater sense of mastery over this disorder, although the actual level of control may be modest (Peay et al., 2008). Current assessment of risk for AD involves taking a detailed personal and family history of clinical and sub-clinical features for AD, possible co-occurring conditions in the family, and environmental risk factors (Peay et al., 2008). Empiric risk estimates derived from population-based family studies are also included as risk assessment tools for AD. However, risk estimates from a population sample may not be applicable for a specific individual due to differences in genetic
