also been useful. Finally, there are QTL data for human AD diagnoses, and for the low LR trait, and we touch upon the evidence for consistency in this area as well [for a more thorough comparison of the QTL data, see Ehlers this issue (Ehlers et al. 2010)]. We did not explore the data from the nearly 100 genes that have been targeted in mice for over expression, deletion, or knockdown; the gene targeting data have been reviewed elsewhere (Crabbe et al., 2006).