Chronic stimulant treatment has differential effects on the levels of individual PKC isozymes. Chronic treatment of PC12 cells with 1.0 μM of cocaine increases levels of PKCα and PKCδ and decreases levels of PKCε and PKCγ.177 Chronic cocaine treatment in rats increases PKCβI in the medial prefrontal cortex,178 PKCα and PKCε in the hippocampus,179 and PKCγ in the amygdala and NAc core but decreases PKCγ in rat striatum.178 Chronic methamphetamine treatment increases levels of phosphorylated conventional PKC isozymes in rat limbic forebrain180 and levels of phosphorylated PKCs in astrocytes.181
