also found a stronger association between internalizing psychopathology and alcohol dependence among women. This disparity likely reflects the larger sample size and greater statistical power of the NESARC sample, as Kessler et al. did find nonsignificantly higher OR for the associations of alcohol dependence with all affective and all anxiety disorders among women. Although the higher OR among women for the association of alcohol dependence with I) could be seen as contradictory of the gender invariant associations between the overall internalizing and externalizing dimensions reported by (Kramer et al., 2008), this discrepancy might be explained by genetic linkages specific to alcohol dependence rather than to the entire externalizing spectrum (Kendler et al., 2006).
