Of these 2,756 individuals (51.1% of the sample), 52.8% were women, and 62.6% African-American. Less than 23% of the subjects had ever used an opioid, with a mean number of lifetime opioid uses of only 3.8 (SD=3.0). Although no one in this group had a diagnosis of OD, many of them met criteria for other lifetime drug dependence disorders, notably CD (70.4%), nicotine dependence (49.4%), and alcohol dependence (39.9%). Nevertheless, this group had the lowest prevalence of all other substance dependence and psychiatric disorders except ASPD and social phobia.
