This group consisted of 391 individuals, 7.3% of the sample. Lifetime OD was significantly lower (25.1%) in this group than in Groups 3–5. Other than Group 1, Group 2 also had the lowest percentage of daily or almost daily opioid use (49.1%) and injection opioid use (20%), and the lowest percentage of subjects with negative effects due to opioid use and who ever received opioid treatment (Table 4). Daily expenditures for opioids were significantly lower in this group than in Groups 4 and 5 (GEE Wald χ2(2)=197.2, p<0.001, Group 3: mean (SD)=$77.6 (87.7), Group 4: mean (SD)=$104.3 (127.5), Group 5: mean (SD)=$148.7 (145.4)). Subjects in this group were also the least likely to have nicotine dependence, sedative dependence, PTSD, OCD and panic disorder. This group, however, had the highest prevalence of CD (87.2%), and alcohol dependence (57.3%).
