Intervention-targeted parenting was assessed at each wave through caregiver self-report using an instrument developed in previous research with rural African American families (Brody & Ge, 2001; Ge, Brody, Conger, Simons, & Murry, 2002). The scale is composed of 43 items tapping five key intervention-targeted domains: child management, nurturant-involved parenting, racial socialization, sexual communication, and clear expectations about substance use. Sample items include, “I keep from blowing up at my child when I punish him/her. I remind my child that very few children his/her age get involved with alcohol or drugs.” Cronbach’s alpha for the scale was .83.
