Youth age and gender, maternal age, maternal employment, and monthly income were recorded. Each caregiver reported the number of children and adults living in the home and her marital/significant relationship status. No association between demographic variables and DRD4 genotype emerged (see Table 1). In addition, no significant correlations emerged between demographic variables and past-month substance use or baseline interventiontargeted parenting behavior; accordingly demographic variables were not included as covariates in the analyses.