We used Multivariate Analysis of Genomic Annotation (MAGMA)32 to perform gene-based association analyses. One hundred thirty genes in EUR, nine in AFR and six in LA (for AFR and LA populations, all mapped to the ADH gene cluster), and seven in EAS (mapped to either the ADH gene cluster or the ALDH2 region) were associated with PAU or AUD (Supplementary Table 9). There were no significant findings in SAS.
