We used S-PrediXcan33 to identify predicted gene expression associations with PAU in 13 brain tissues. In total, 426 significant gene–tissue associations were identified, representing 89 unique genes (Supplementary Table 10). Five genes showed associations with PAU in all available brain tissues, including aminomethyltransferase (AMT), yippee like 3 (YPEL3), ecotropic viral integration site 2A (EVI2A), ecotropic viral integration site 2B (EVI2B) and long noncoding RNA (CTA-223H9.9). We also observed associations between PAU and the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADH1B in the putamen (basal ganglia), ADH1C in ten brain tissues and ADH5 in cerebellar hemisphere and cerebellum). Among the brain tissues, caudate (basal ganglia) had the most genes whose expression was associated with PAU (42 genes), followed by the putamen (basal ganglia, 39 genes). Transcriptome-wide association analyses (TWAS) that integrated evidence across 13 brain tissues using S-MultiXcan34 to test joint effects of gene expression variation identified 121 genes (81 shared with S-PrediXcan) whose expression was associated with PAU (Supplementary Table 11).
