To this end, the primary goal of this proof of concept study was to document and localize the involvement of the visual cortex during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of drug cue-reactivity. Specifically, the aims were to quantify the frequency with which occipital cortex activity is observed across drug classes and, through activation likelihood estimation (ALE; Turkeltaub et al., 2002; Eickhoff et al., 2012), determine the spatial locations in occipital cortex that are most frequently activated.