Reduction in volume possibly due to over pruning or diminished neuroproliferation developmentally is also seen in association with high-risk familial background for other structures. High-risk offspring with externalizing disorders show significantly smaller total caudate volume (Hill et al., 2013a). Also, reduction of volume of the amygdala in the right hemisphere is seen in high-risk offspring with minimal personal exposure to alcohol and drugs (Hill et al., 2001), a finding now confirmed in an expanded sample of high-risk offspring from multiplex families who were compared with low-risk controls (Hill et al., 2013b), and in family history positive (high-risk) offspring in comparison to controls from a population-based family study of AD (Dager et al., 2015).
