addition, as mentioned earlier, internalizing characteristics are not as strongly associated with substance misuse as are externalizing characteristics, particularly among relatively young samples (e.g.,54). The purpose of this work was not to demonstrate a strong relationship between internalizing characteristics and substance use but rather to see if there was evidence for a positive link, as suggested by the literature. Had there been no relationship, there would have been concerns about the utility of this scale for studying addiction.
