Adolescent tobacco smokers were recruited through television, radio, and print advertisements for a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled smoking cessation trial examining the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of two forms of nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT), nicotine patch and nicotine gum [13]. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. All participants received cognitive-behavioral therapy. Eligible participants were 13–17 years of age, had smoked at least ten cigarettes per day (CPD) for the last six months, and scored at least 5 (max 10) on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) [21]. Exclusion criteria included any untreated acute psychiatric disorder (including other drug or alcohol dependence), recent use of NRT, pregnancy, and lack of parental permission. All participants selected for this study received a medical examination and were in good physical health. Adolescents were accompanied by their parent or guardian on the first visit and written consent for parents and assent for adolescents were obtained.
