For the current analyses, drug use disorders other than nicotine and alcohol were classified into general categories of “any drug use disorder.” In addition, lifetime and past-year cocaine, marijuana, and opiate (including heroin and opiates other than heroin or methadone) use disorders were analyzed separately. DSM-IV does not include a nicotine abuse diagnosis, so nicotine dependence is the only nicotine use diagnosis included. The AUDADIS-IV has good to excellent reliability and validity for assessing DSM-IV substance use disorders (Grant & Hasin, 1991; Grant, Moore et al., 2003).
