risk, and the estimate was robust after correction for horizontal pleiotropy. The “worry” sub-cluster of neuroticism and number of sexual partners show evidence of positive causal effects on liability to AUD with at least one method, while cognitive performance and educational attainment show evidence of negative causal effects. As an exposure, AUD has a positive causal effect on DrnkWk, and a negative causal effect on educational attainment, indicating bi-directional causality. There is no evidence of a causal effect of AUD on other traits (Table 3).
