The VST was used to assess visuospatial memory span and working memory with both forward and backward span tests included. Participants were shown eight boxes on a computer screen that illuminated in a designated sequence. Two trials for each 2–8 illuminated box sequences were presented that either were required to be repeated as seen (i.e., forward) or in reverse order (i.e., backward). The length of a sequence increased by one on a correct recall. The task ended upon incorrect recalls on both trials of the same sequence-length or correctly recalled all 8 sequence-lengths. Four performance measures: total correct (TC), maximum sequence-length achieved (Span), total average time, and total correct-average time for each of the forward (F) and backward (B) conditions were analyzed.
