The TOLT was used to assess planning and problem-solving ability (Shallice, 1982). On a computer screen, participants were shown a window on the left (working area) and a window on the right (goal position) with prearranged color beads placed on pegs. They were instructed to move the colored beads one-by-one in the working area until the arrangement on the goal position is achieved in as few moves as possible. The test consisted 21 trials with 3, 4, and 5 colored beads placed on respective number of pegs, comprising 7 problems per puzzle-type. Besides the total, separately for each puzzle-type, five performance measures were analyzed: excess moves-made (EM), pickup-time, think-time, total trials-time, and average trial-time.
