motivation and self-control within cocaine abusers but not controls. A second study by the same group showed that lower subjective sensitivity to reward gradients significantly correlated with enhanced signals to monetary reward in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and amygdala, but smaller signals along the middle frontal gyrus in cocaine abusers (Goldstein et al., 2007b). These studies suggest that cocaine use involves altered activity within frontal-striatal circuits modulated by dopamine (Clark et al., 2004).