Figure 2 presents the hypothesized DRD4 status × intervention status interaction effect on changes in intervention-targeted parenting from pretest to posttest. A SEM was estimated by regressing intervention-targeted parenting measured at posttest on DRD4 status, intervention status, and DRD4 status × intervention status with pretest levels of intervention-targeted parenting and socioeconomic and community risk controlled. The model fit the data fairly well (χ2/df = 1.76, CFI = .94, RMSEA = .06). The results indicated a significant DRD4 status × intervention status interaction effect (β = .22, p < .05) on the intervention-targeted parenting construct. SAAF–T families with a youth who carried at least one l allele of DRD4 evinced greater increases in intervention-targeted parenting between pretest and posttest than did either families of SAAF–T youth carrying two s alleles or control families. A similar SEM was fit with substance use as the outcome variable. Consistent with analyses reported previously, the results indicated a significant DRD4 status × intervention status interaction effect (β = −.72, p < .01).
