Peer influences are also closely intertwined with genetic risk. We have found that individuals with higher externalizing genetic risk 21 show increased affiliation with substance‐using peers, in addition to decreased parental monitoring, which then increases future externalizing behavior. 97 Further, parental monitoring of their adolescent offspring along with perceived peer substance use have been found to moderate the association between polygenic scores and externalizing disorders, whereby risky peer groups and reduced parental monitoring exacerbate genetic risk. 103 Conversely, high friend support has been found to attenuate the association between genetic risk, sensation seeking and alcohol use. 98
