two studies is that incrementally the BMI was more efficacious than the WF especially for AP. However, there was no clear advantage of the BMI over the WF across all individuals when we defined the efficacy outcome as a qualitatively distinct, categorical improvement. It is important to highlight that the BMI was more efficacious than the WF selectively for certain mandated students in the current study. That is, for those mandated students who experienced a serious incident or whose levels of AP at baseline were high, an in-person brief motivational interview was particularly more efficacious than a written feedback alone. These findings underscore the importance of better understanding of the goodness of fit between necessary components of evidence-based treatments and different groups of students with different needs.