This study found gender differences in both the unadjusted and adjusted associations of psychopathology with the expression and course of alcoholism. In absolute terms, male alcoholics drank more heavily than female alcoholics, irrespective of psychopathology, just as they do in the total population (Dawson, 2000). In contrast, female alcoholics tended to report a greater density of familial alcoholism, again reflecting differentials observed in the total population (Dawson and Grant, 1998). Other differences observed primarily among alcoholics with NINE or IO included more lifetime AUD symptoms and a greater likelihood of lifetime alcohol treatment among males.
