A detailed definition of “externalizing phenotypes” was preregistered to delimit the collection of single-phenotype summary statistics (Supplementary Information section 2.1). Summary statistics from existing studies were provided by, or downloaded from the public repositories of, 23andMe, the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), the Million Veterans Program (MVP), the International Cannabis Consortium (ICC), the GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use (GSCAN), the Social Science Genetics Association Consortium (SSGAC), the Genetics of Personality Consortium (GPC), and the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium (Broad ABC) (Supplementary Information section 2.2). All considered GWAS are listed in Supplementary Table 1, and Supplementary Table 4 reports the 67 underlying cohorts of the summary statistics in the final Genomic SEM specification (see below).
