The article is accompanied by Supplementary Information. The study followed a preregistered analysis plan (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XKV36), which specified that we would generate new, or collect existing, single-phenotype genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics on externalizing phenotypes (Supplementary Information section 1). Summary statistics were to be analyzed with Genomic SEM to (a) estimate a genetic factor structure underlying externalizing liability, (b) identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes involved in a shared genetic liability to externalizing rather than individual traits, and (c) increase the accuracy of polygenic scores for specific externalizing phenotypes that are difficult or intractable to study in large samples. To ensure satisfying statistical power, we preregistered a minimum sample-size of N > 15,000, and that additional exclusions would be based on negligible SNP-based heritability or GWAS signal. All considered traits are discussed in the preregistration and listed in Supplementary Table 1, while the following sections focus on 11 phenotypes that were not excluded due to negligible SNP-based heritability or GWAS signal. The study did not manipulate an experimental condition or collect any new individual-level data, and thus, was neither randomized nor blinded.
