Two independent collaborative groups recruited 511 parent-child trios subjects for DNA sequencing: the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics group (325 trios; TIC Genetics; http://tic-genetics.org) and the Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium for Genetics (186 trios; TSAICG; https://www.findtsgene.org/). Dietrich et al. (2015) and Scharf et al. (2013) have previously described recruitment criteria in detail for each group. Briefly, each of the parent-child trios recruited by TIC Genetics or TSAICG consisted of an affected child (proband) meeting criteria for TD or a chronic tic disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Phenotypic data available for each cohort is described in more detail in Tables 1 and S1, but briefly: both the TIC Genetics and TSAICG cohorts have phenotype data for sex, parental age, co-morbid OCD and/or ADHD in the proband, and most have data on whether there is any history of tic disorders in the first degree relatives. The TIC Genetics cohort generally has data on tic disorders in second-degree relatives as well. Among the 511 total trios sequenced here, parental
