Many of the significant advances for understanding FASD have been provided by animal models of this disorder. There is a good degree of concordance between the findings with these animal models and with the clinical condition. In fact, these animal models played a critical role in establishing both the teratogenicity and the behavioral teratogenicity of alcohol. Their use in assessing both behavioral and brain effects is an excellent example of the translational nature of research in this field. The animal models were instrumental in controlling for many confounds present in the clinical work and for identifying intervening variables. O'Leary-Moore et al. provide a review of the use of imaging in a mouse model of FASD, which serves as an excellent complement to the human studies already reviewed. The imaging methods used in animals have the potential to yield new insights into human condition, to provide a valuable adjunct to the human studies in terms of confirmatory results, and to discover developmentally specific effects. They are proving useful in identifying brain anomalies not previously described in humans, showing the relationship between
