Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: an overview.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Riley, Edward P; Infante, M Alejandra; Warren, Kenneth R
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Neuropsychology review
- PMID
- 21499711
- DOI
- 10.1007/s11065-011-9166-x
- PMCID
- PMC3779274
When fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was initially described, diagnosis was based upon physical parameters including facial anomalies and growth retardation, with evidence of developmental delay or mental deficiency. Forty years of research has shown that FAS lies towards the extreme end of what are now termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The most profound effects of prenatal alcohol exposure are on the developing brain and the cognitive and behavioral effects that ensue. Alcohol exposure affects brain development via numerous pathways at all stages from neurogenesis to myelination. For example, the same processes that give rise to the facial characteristics of FAS also cause abnormal brain development. Behaviors as diverse as executive functioning to motor control are affected. This special issue of Neuropsychology Review addresses these changes in brain and behavior highlighting the relationship between the two. A diagnostic goal is to recognize FAS as a disorder of brain rather than one of physical characteristics.
a Photo of a 4 month old infant with FAS. b Photo of same child at 5 years of age. c Cartoon showing the major facial characteristics used in the diagnosis of FAS. Photos courtesy of T. Kellerman and used with permission. Original cartoon by Kristen Breit and used with permission
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| alcohol | phenotype |
| Alcohol-related birth defects | phenotype |
| Alcohol Related Birth Defects local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| animal models | cohort |
| ARND | phenotype |
| Astley and Clarren 2000 (4-digit code) local | cohort |
| Barcelona cohort local | cohort |
| behavioral abnormalities | phenotype |
| Behavioral function local | phenotype |
| Behavioral phenotype related to prenatal alcohol local | phenotype |
| Behavioral teratogenicity local | phenotype |
| behavior problems | phenotype |
| Bertrand et al. 2004, 2005 (National Task Force/CDC) local | cohort |
| brain | anatomy |
| Brain anomalies local | phenotype |
| brain structure | anatomy |
| Canadian study local | cohort |
| Cardiac defects local | phenotype |
| CDC | cohort |
| central nervous system | anatomy |
| children with FASD | cohort |
| Children with histories of in utero alcohol exposure local | cohort |
| Chudley et al. 2005 (Canadian Guidelines) local | cohort |
| CNS | anatomy |
| CNS dysfunction | phenotype |
| cognition | phenotype |
| Cognitive abnormalities | anatomy |
| compromised processing resources local | phenotype |
| corpus callosum | anatomy |
| Croatia | cohort |
| Deficits in eyeblink conditioning local | phenotype |
| Deficits in magnitude comparisons local | phenotype |
| developmental delay | phenotype |
| Facial anomalies local | phenotype |
| facial dysmorphology | phenotype |
| Facial features of FAS local | phenotype |
| FAEEs local | drug |
| FAEEs local | other |
| FAS | phenotype |
| FAS facial features local | phenotype |
| Fetal alcohol effects | phenotype |
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder | phenotype |
| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | phenotype |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | phenotype |
| Grey Bruce cohort local | cohort |
| growth deficiency local | phenotype |
| head circumference below 10th percentile local | phenotype |
| height | phenotype |
| high risk obstetrical patients local | cohort |
| High risk obstetrical patients local | cohort |
| high-risk offspring local | phenotype |
| Hoyme et al. 2005 (Revised IOM) local | cohort |
| Human condition local | phenotype |
| Independent living problems local | phenotype |
| Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure local | cohort |
| Initial 11 cases local | cohort |
| Joint and palmar crease anomalies local | phenotype |
| Justice system problems local | phenotype |
| Lazio region of Italy local | cohort |
| maternal hair local | drug |
| Maxillary hypoplasia local | phenotype |
| Mental deficiency local | phenotype |
| metabolic markers local | drug |
| micro-RNA local | drug |
| Minor Facial Anomalies local | phenotype |
| mixed race population in South Africa local | cohort |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| Motor performance | phenotype |
| Mouse model of FASD | cohort |
| partial FAS local | phenotype |
| partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome local | phenotype |
| Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome local | phenotype |
| pervasive neurological dysfunction local | phenotype |
| Pre- and postnatal growth retardation local | phenotype |
| prenatal alcohol exposure | phenotype |
| Prenatal and/or postnatal growth deficiency local | phenotype |
| pre or postnatal weight local | phenotype |
| Primate animal model local | cohort |
| proteomic markers local | drug |
| Rodent animal model local | cohort |
| Schneider et al. study local | cohort |
| school problems | phenotype |
| short palpebral fissures local | phenotype |
| Short palpebral fissures local | phenotype |
| smooth philtrum | phenotype |
| South Africa | cohort |
| Spontaneous Abortion local | phenotype |
| stress | phenotype |
| structural abnormalities | anatomy |
| structural brain anomaly local | phenotype |
| Sudden Infant Death local | phenotype |
| Teratogenicity local | phenotype |
| thin upper vermillion border local | phenotype |
| United States | cohort |
| Uruguay births local | cohort |
| U.S. National Task Force on FAS local | cohort |
| Western Europe | cohort |
| white matter | anatomy |
| White matter deficits local | phenotype |
| younger school children in the US and Western Europe local | cohort |
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| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| The potential of neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. | Poulos SG et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| Consumption habits of pregnant women and implications for developmental biology: a survey of predominantly Hispanic women in California. | Santiago SE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
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| Loss of motoneurons in the ventral compartment of the rat hypoglossal nucleus following early postnatal exposure to alcohol. | Stettner GM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Meconium fatty acid ethyl esters as biomarkers of late gestational ethanol exposure and indicator of ethanol-induced multi-organ injury in fetal sheep. | Zelner I et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Motor Function Deficits Following Chronic Prenatal Ethanol Exposure are Linked to Impairments in Insulin/IGF, Notch and Wnt Signaling in the Cerebellum. | Tong M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Neonatal alcohol exposure impairs contextual fear conditioning in juvenile rats by disrupting cholinergic function. | Dokovna LB et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| New hospital-based policy for children whose parents present at the ER due to domestic violence, substance abuse and/or a suicide attempt. | Hoytema van Konijnenburg EM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
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| Ethanol-induced face-brain dysmorphology patterns are correlative and exposure-stage dependent. | Lipinski RJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Maternal drinking behavior and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in adolescents with criminal behavior in southern Brazil. | Momino W et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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