Over the years the diagnosis of FAS has been expanded and refined but still includes many of the original anomalies found in these original cases. Currently, there are four commonly used diagnostic schemas, which are summarized in Table 1 (Astley and Clarren 2000 (4-digit code); Bertrand et al. 2004, 2005 (National Task Force/CDC); Chudley et al. 2005 (Canadian Guidelines); Hoyme et al. 2005 (Revised IOM)). Despite differences among them, all four schemas rely on anomalies in three distinct areas; prenatal and/or postnatal growth deficiency; central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction; and a characteristic pattern of facial anomalies.
