Mixture modeling was conducted to identify four subgroups of parenting style based on dimensions of acceptance and control (i.e., balanced, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved) that have been widely reported in the literature. Balanced parents (representing the parents of 65.8% of the sample) had scores on acceptance and control that were standardized to have zero means for both of these dimensions. Authoritarian parents (12.2%) were lower on acceptance (−2.39) and slightly higher on control (.31). Permissive parents (19.4%) were higher on acceptance (2.58) and slightly higher on control (.44). Uninvolved parents (2.7%) were lower on acceptance (−2.91) and lower on control (−2.05). Using balanced parenting as the reference group, three dummy-coded variables (authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved) were recreated to examine their effects on the intercept and slope factors of the growth models.
