Inhibition of undesired actions, automatic/pre-potent or deliberate, is an essential component of self-regulation of behavior. Inadequate response inhibition has been implicated as a core dysfunction in a spectrum of externalizing psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsive behaviors, such as substance abuse disorders (SUDs), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality disorder (Bauer, 2001, Bauer and Hesselbrock, 1999a, b, Brandeis et al., 2002, Chamberlain and Sahakian, 2007, Kaufman et al., 2003, Kiehl et al., 1999, Kiehl et al., 2000, Rubia et al., 2005, Young et al., 2000). In humans, neural substrates of response inhibition have been studied using various types of Go/NoGo tasks that require a speeded motor response to a Go stimulus and withholding a response when a NoGo stimulus is presented. Studies using event related brain potentials (ERPs) have identified various neuroelectric components that discriminate between Go and NoGo conditions and purportedly reflect activation of distinct functional networks involved in response execution and inhibition (Albert et al., 2013, Bekker et al., 2005, Falkenstein, 2006, Jonkman, 2006, Jonkman et al., 2003, Jonkman et al., 2007, Kirmizi-Alsan et al., 2006,
