(1·40 to 2·31)*26·03 (24·45 to 27·80)25·03 (23·53 to 26·77)24·69 (23·20 to 26·38)–3·82 (−4·22 to −3·47)*–1·35 (−1·70 to −0·98)*–5·12 (−5·55 to −4·68)*–1·95 (−2·28 to −1·61)*2High body-mass index5·91 (3·95 to 8·57)7·93 (5·41 to 11·27)9·50 (6·52 to 13·51)34·16 (25·41 to 45·65)*19·82 (15·03 to 25·28)*60·75 (45·26 to 81·32)*6·62 (4·51 to 9·52)8·89 (6·21 to 12·30)10·64 (7·51 to 14·57)34·22 (25·81 to 44·44)*19·69 (15·07 to 24·73)*60·65 (45·85 to 79·65)*60·25 (45·14 to 79·11)*2Low bone mineral density11·49 (10·42 to 12·67)11·40 (10·34 to 12·58)11·33 (10·29 to 12·51)–0·75 (−1·08 to −0·46)*–0·60 (−0·84 to −0·36)*–1·34 (−1·79 to −0·91)*12·59 (11·47 to 13·76)12·59 (11·48 to 13·78)12·65 (11·51 to 13·82)0·06 (−0·16 to 0·27)0·41 (0·16 to 0·65)*0·46 (0·21 to 0·69)*–0·51 (−0·75 to −0·26)*2Impaired kidney function4·78 (2·94 to 9·15)4·84 (2·98 to 9·27)4·90 (3·01 to 9·36)1·16 (0·41 to 1·83)*1·23 (0·61 to 1·76)*2·41 (1·11 to 3·34)*5·46 (3·42 to 10·22)5·48 (3·41 to 10·27)5·54 (3·44 to 10·37)0·35 (−0·80 to 1·78)1·06 (0·47 to 1·73)*1·41 (−0·05 to 3·33)1·63 (0·44 to 3·05)*Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. SEVs=summary exposure values.*Statistically significant increase or decrease.