The comparisons of baseline demographic variables were performed by Mann Whitney tests or Chi2 tests. Evaluation of the association between the dichotomized SNPs (rs2036527[GG=0 and GA/AA=1] rs16969968[GG=0 and AG/AA=1] rs588765[CC=0 and CT/TT=1] and rs578776[AA=0 and AG/GG=1].) and smoking abstinence were conducted using logistic regression. Modeling the influence of the variants as ‘additive’ resulted in very similar statistical results compared to modeling the influence of the variants as dichotomized valuable (results shown in Supplementary Fig.S1). Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between rs2036527 or rs588765 and smoking abstinence after adjusting for age, sex, baseline CPD, menthol status, the type of counseling sessions (Study 1) and other CHRNA5-A3-B4 SNPs. Adjusting for other CHRNA5-A3-B4 variants (such as rs16969968) did not alter the associations between rs2036527 and rs588765 with smoking abstinence (Supplementary Fig. S2, S3&S4). Adjusting for CYP2A6 (coded as normal activity>intermediate activity>slow activity) and CYP2B6 (coded as normal activity>intermediate activity>slow activity) also did not alter the association between rs2036527 and rs588765 with smoking abstinence. A detailed description of the specific CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 alleles assessed was reported previously, and included CYP2A6*2,
